RULAC Map – Country Profiles

Russia is involved in the non-international armed conflicts in Syria, an international armed conflict with Ukraine and a series of military occupations, namely the occupation of Crimea, the occupations of South Ossetia and Abkhazia in Georgia, and the occupation of the Transdniestria in Moldova.

In 2020, India and China have been involved in an international armed conflict over the control of two main regions, namely Aksai Chin and Arunachal Pradesh, and a number of smaller regions along the Sino-Indian border.

The Government of the Philippines is involved in multiple non-international armed conflicts (NIACs) in Mindanao against at least the Moro National Liberation Front, the Moro Islamic Liberation Front, the Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters, the Maute Group and the Abu Sayyaf Group. The Philippines armed forces are also engaged in a NIAC against the New People’s Army.

Australia is involved in the non-international armed conflicts against the Islamic State group by undertaking airstrikes in Iraq and Syria as part of the international coalition led by the United States. It is also involved in the international armed conflict in Syria.

Myanmar is involved in a series of non-international armed conflict on its territory against a number of Ethnic Armed Organizations (EAOs).

India is involved in a non-international armed conflict on its territory with the Naxalites. The tensions with Pakistan over the status of Kashmir regularly cause armed clashes leading to an international armed conflict. Furthermore, clashes between India and China amounted to an international armed conflict in 2020.

Afghanistan has been affected conflicts for decades. Supported by the United States, the Afghan National Security Forces (ANSF) had fought against the Taliban and the Khorasan province branch of the Islamic State group (IS-KP). In August 2021, following the withdrawal of US troops from Afghanistan, the Taliban have rapidly taken control of most of the country, Kabul included, and became the de facto government of Afghanistan. Accordingly, currently in the country there is one single NIAC opposing the Taliban government and the IS-KP.

The United Arab Emirates is involved in the non-international armed conflict against the Islamic State group by undertaking airstrikes in Syria as part of the international coalition led by the United States. It is also involved in the international armed conflict in Syria. The United Arab Emirates are also involved in the non-international armed conflicts in Yemen.

Bahrain is a member of the Saudi-led coalition that intervenes on the side of the Yemeni government in the non-international armed conflict against the Houthis.

Saudi Arabia is involved in the non-international armed conflict against the Islamic State group as part of the international coalition led by the United States. It is also involved in the international armed conflict in Syria. Leading the international coalition against Houthi rebels in support of the Yemeni government, Saudi Arabia is also involved in the non-international armed conflicts in Yemen.

Yemen is currently involved in non-international armed conflicts with Houthi rebels and al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula on its territory.

Kuwait is a member of the Saudi-led coalition that intervenes on the side of the Yemeni government in the non-international armed conflict against the Houthis.

Iraq is involved in a non-international armed conflict against against the Islamic State group in its own territory since January 2014. Iraq is also involved in an international armed conflict with Turkey due to the latter’s use of force against Kurdish militants in northern Iraq without the consent of Iraq.

Jordan is involved in the non-international armed conflicts against the Islamic State group by undertaking airstrikes in Iraq and Syria as part of the international coalition led by the United States. It is also involved in the international armed conflict in Syria and the non-international armed conflicts in Yemen.

The territory of the state of Palestine continues to be occupied by Israel.

Israel is occupying the Golan Heights, Shebaa Farms and the Palestinian territories. In addition, the non-international armed conflicts in Syria have spilled over into the Golan Heights, leading to a series of short-lived international armed conflicts.

Part of Lebanese territory, the Shebaa Farms, is occupied by Israel. In addition, the non-international armed conflicts in Syria have spilled over into Lebanese territory.

Syria is currently engaged in a series of armed conflicts. First, the Syrian government is engaged in several non-international armed conflicts against a wide array of rebel groups. Second, there is arguably an international armed conflict between Syria and members of the US-led international coalition and Turkey. There is arguably a military occupation of parts of northern Syria by Turkey. Finally, part of Syrian territory, the Golan Heights, is occupied by Israel.

Egypt is involved in a non-international armed conflict against Wilayat Sinai, an armed non-State actor that has pledged loyalty to the Islamic State group. Furthermore, it is involved in the non-international armed conflicts in Yemen as part of the Saudi-led coalition and is involved in the non-international armed conflict on its territory.

Since 1974, Turkey has occupied the northern part of Cyprus.

Armenia occupies part of Azerbaijan’s territory, the Nagorno-Karabakh region.

Part of Azerbaijani territory, the Nagorno-Karabakh region, is occupied by Armenia.

Since 2008, the Georgian territories of Abkhazia and South Ossetia have been occupied by Russia.

Parts of Ukrainian territory, the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol, are occupied by Russia. Since spring 2014, Ukraine has been involved in non-international armed conflicts on its territory against the self-proclaimed ‘People’s Republics’ of Donetsk and Luhansk’.

Turkey is involved in a non-international armed conflict on its territory against the Kurdistan Worker’s Party. The conflict extends into Iraq, hence Turkey is also involved in the non-international armed conflicts in Iraq and an international armed conflict with Iraq. Turkey is also a party to the non-international and international armed conflicts in Syria and occupies part of northern Syria.

Part of Moldovan territory is occupied by Russia. The Russian occupation extends over a strip of land on the east bank of Moldova’s Dniester River, known as Transdniestria.

Germany is involved in the non-international armed conflict against the Islamic State group by providing military support to the coalition airstrikes in Iraq.

The Netherlands is involved in the non-international armed conflicts against the Islamic State group in Iraq and Syria by undertaking airstrikes as part of the international coalition led by the United States. The Netherlands is also involved in the international armed conflict in Syria.

Belgium is involved in the non-international armed conflicts against the Islamic State group by undertaking airstrikes in Iraq and Syria as part of the international coalition led by the United States. It is also involved in the international armed conflict in Syria.

France

France is involved in the non-international armed conflicts against the Islamic State group by undertaking airstrikes in Iraq and Syria as part of the international coalition led by the United States. It is also involved in the international armed conflict in Syria.

The United Kingdom is involved in the non-international armed conflicts against the Islamic State group by undertaking airstrikes in Iraq and Syria as part of the international coalition led by the United States. It is also involved in the international armed conflict in Syria.

Morocco is involved in the non-international armed conflicts in Yemen as part of the coalition led by Saudi Arabia. Morocco is also occupying Western Sahara.

Since 2014, Libya has been involved in non-international armed conflicts against a wide array of rebel groups on its territory.

The Senegalese armed forces are involved in a decades-old non-international armed conflict with the Mouvement des Forces Démocratiques de la Casamance (MFDC) principally the MFDC-Front Sud and some splinter factions.

Nigeria is involved in two parallel non-international armed conflicts against the non-state armed groups Boko Haram and the Islamic State in West Africa Province (ISWAP).

Cameroon is engaging in a non-international armed conflict (NIAC) against Boko Haram in the Far North. In the Northwest and Southwest regions, a number of Anglophone separatist groups are fighting against the government for the independence of the region. Nevertheless, the violence does not amount to a NIAC.

Central African Republic is involved in a series of non-international armed conflicts on its territory against several armed groups.

Sudan is involved in non-international armed conflicts on its territory. As a member of the Saudi-led coalition that supports the Yemen government, Sudan is also a party to the non-international armed conflicts in Yemen.

Ethiopia continues to occupy part of Eritrean territory. In addition, Ethiopia is involved in the non-international armed conflict against al-Shabaab in Somalia.

Somalia is involved in the non-international armed conflict on its territory against Islamist insurgent groups, most prominently al-Shabaab.

Since December 2013, South Sudan is involved in non-international armed conflicts on its territory against South Sudan dissident armed forces.

Kenya is involved in the non-international armed conflict against al-Shabaab in Somalia

Mozambique is party to parallel non-international armed conflicts (NIACs) against respectively splinter groups of RENAMO and the so-called group Al-Shabab.

Colombia has experienced one of the longest non-international armed conflicts (NIACs) in modern times. Notably, the Government of Colombia is still involved in parallel NIACs against the Ejército de Liberación Nacional (National Liberation Army) (ELN) and the FARC-EP dissident group (Bloque Oriental (Eastern Bloc)). Furthermore, there is an ongoing NIAC between ELN and the Gaitanista Self-Defense Forces of Colombia (AGC).

The United States is involved in the non-international armed conflicts against the Islamic State group by undertaking airstrikes in Iraq and Syria. Due to the lack of consent of the Syrian government, the United States is also involved in the international armed conflict in Syria. Finally, the United States is also undertaking strikes against Islamist militants in Somalia, Pakistan, Libya and Yemen.

Canada is involved in the non-international armed conflict against the Islamic State group by providing military support to the coalition airstrikes in Iraq.

Russia is involved in the non-international armed conflicts in Syria, an international armed conflict with Ukraine and a series of military occupations, namely the occupation of Crimea, the occupations of South Ossetia and Abkhazia in Georgia, and the occupation of the Transdniestria in Moldova.

In 2020, India and China have been involved in an international armed conflict over the control of two main regions, namely Aksai Chin and Arunachal Pradesh, and a number of smaller regions along the Sino-Indian border.

The Government of the Philippines is involved in multiple non-international armed conflicts (NIACs) in Mindanao against at least the Moro National Liberation Front, the Moro Islamic Liberation Front, the Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters, the Maute Group and the Abu Sayyaf Group. The Philippines armed forces are also engaged in a NIAC against the New People’s Army.

Australia is involved in the non-international armed conflicts against the Islamic State group by undertaking airstrikes in Iraq and Syria as part of the international coalition led by the United States. It is also involved in the international armed conflict in Syria.

Myanmar is involved in a series of non-international armed conflict on its territory against a number of Ethnic Armed Organizations (EAOs).

India is involved in a non-international armed conflict on its territory with the Naxalites. The tensions with Pakistan over the status of Kashmir regularly cause armed clashes leading to an international armed conflict. Furthermore, clashes between India and China amounted to an international armed conflict in 2020.

Afghanistan has been affected conflicts for decades. Supported by the United States, the Afghan National Security Forces (ANSF) had fought against the Taliban and the Khorasan province branch of the Islamic State group (IS-KP). In August 2021, following the withdrawal of US troops from Afghanistan, the Taliban have rapidly taken control of most of the country, Kabul included, and became the de facto government of Afghanistan. Accordingly, currently in the country there is one single NIAC opposing the Taliban government and the IS-KP.

The United Arab Emirates is involved in the non-international armed conflict against the Islamic State group by undertaking airstrikes in Syria as part of the international coalition led by the United States. It is also involved in the international armed conflict in Syria. The United Arab Emirates are also involved in the non-international armed conflicts in Yemen.

Bahrain is a member of the Saudi-led coalition that intervenes on the side of the Yemeni government in the non-international armed conflict against the Houthis.

Saudi Arabia is involved in the non-international armed conflict against the Islamic State group as part of the international coalition led by the United States. It is also involved in the international armed conflict in Syria. Leading the international coalition against Houthi rebels in support of the Yemeni government, Saudi Arabia is also involved in the non-international armed conflicts in Yemen.

Yemen is currently involved in non-international armed conflicts with Houthi rebels and al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula on its territory.

Kuwait is a member of the Saudi-led coalition that intervenes on the side of the Yemeni government in the non-international armed conflict against the Houthis.

Iraq is involved in a non-international armed conflict against against the Islamic State group in its own territory since January 2014. Iraq is also involved in an international armed conflict with Turkey due to the latter’s use of force against Kurdish militants in northern Iraq without the consent of Iraq.

Jordan is involved in the non-international armed conflicts against the Islamic State group by undertaking airstrikes in Iraq and Syria as part of the international coalition led by the United States. It is also involved in the international armed conflict in Syria and the non-international armed conflicts in Yemen.

The territory of the state of Palestine continues to be occupied by Israel.

Israel is occupying the Golan Heights, Shebaa Farms and the Palestinian territories. In addition, the non-international armed conflicts in Syria have spilled over into the Golan Heights, leading to a series of short-lived international armed conflicts.

Part of Lebanese territory, the Shebaa Farms, is occupied by Israel. In addition, the non-international armed conflicts in Syria have spilled over into Lebanese territory.

Syria is currently engaged in a series of armed conflicts. First, the Syrian government is engaged in several non-international armed conflicts against a wide array of rebel groups. Second, there is arguably an international armed conflict between Syria and members of the US-led international coalition and Turkey. There is arguably a military occupation of parts of northern Syria by Turkey. Finally, part of Syrian territory, the Golan Heights, is occupied by Israel.

Egypt is involved in a non-international armed conflict against Wilayat Sinai, an armed non-State actor that has pledged loyalty to the Islamic State group. Furthermore, it is involved in the non-international armed conflicts in Yemen as part of the Saudi-led coalition and is involved in the non-international armed conflict on its territory.

Since 1974, Turkey has occupied the northern part of Cyprus.

Armenia occupies part of Azerbaijan’s territory, the Nagorno-Karabakh region.

Part of Azerbaijani territory, the Nagorno-Karabakh region, is occupied by Armenia.

Since 2008, the Georgian territories of Abkhazia and South Ossetia have been occupied by Russia.

Parts of Ukrainian territory, the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol, are occupied by Russia. Since spring 2014, Ukraine has been involved in non-international armed conflicts on its territory against the self-proclaimed ‘People’s Republics’ of Donetsk and Luhansk’.

Turkey is involved in a non-international armed conflict on its territory against the Kurdistan Worker’s Party. The conflict extends into Iraq, hence Turkey is also involved in the non-international armed conflicts in Iraq and an international armed conflict with Iraq. Turkey is also a party to the non-international and international armed conflicts in Syria and occupies part of northern Syria.

Part of Moldovan territory is occupied by Russia. The Russian occupation extends over a strip of land on the east bank of Moldova’s Dniester River, known as Transdniestria.

Germany is involved in the non-international armed conflict against the Islamic State group by providing military support to the coalition airstrikes in Iraq.

The Netherlands is involved in the non-international armed conflicts against the Islamic State group in Iraq and Syria by undertaking airstrikes as part of the international coalition led by the United States. The Netherlands is also involved in the international armed conflict in Syria.

Belgium is involved in the non-international armed conflicts against the Islamic State group by undertaking airstrikes in Iraq and Syria as part of the international coalition led by the United States. It is also involved in the international armed conflict in Syria.

France

France is involved in the non-international armed conflicts against the Islamic State group by undertaking airstrikes in Iraq and Syria as part of the international coalition led by the United States. It is also involved in the international armed conflict in Syria.

The United Kingdom is involved in the non-international armed conflicts against the Islamic State group by undertaking airstrikes in Iraq and Syria as part of the international coalition led by the United States. It is also involved in the international armed conflict in Syria.

Morocco is involved in the non-international armed conflicts in Yemen as part of the coalition led by Saudi Arabia. Morocco is also occupying Western Sahara.

Since 2014, Libya has been involved in non-international armed conflicts against a wide array of rebel groups on its territory.

The Senegalese armed forces are involved in a decades-old non-international armed conflict with the Mouvement des Forces Démocratiques de la Casamance (MFDC) principally the MFDC-Front Sud and some splinter factions.

Nigeria is involved in two parallel non-international armed conflicts against the non-state armed groups Boko Haram and the Islamic State in West Africa Province (ISWAP).

Cameroon is engaging in a non-international armed conflict (NIAC) against Boko Haram in the Far North. In the Northwest and Southwest regions, a number of Anglophone separatist groups are fighting against the government for the independence of the region. Nevertheless, the violence does not amount to a NIAC.

Central African Republic is involved in a series of non-international armed conflicts on its territory against several armed groups.

Sudan is involved in non-international armed conflicts on its territory. As a member of the Saudi-led coalition that supports the Yemen government, Sudan is also a party to the non-international armed conflicts in Yemen.

Ethiopia continues to occupy part of Eritrean territory. In addition, Ethiopia is involved in the non-international armed conflict against al-Shabaab in Somalia.

Somalia is involved in the non-international armed conflict on its territory against Islamist insurgent groups, most prominently al-Shabaab.

Since December 2013, South Sudan is involved in non-international armed conflicts on its territory against South Sudan dissident armed forces.

Kenya is involved in the non-international armed conflict against al-Shabaab in Somalia

Mozambique is party to parallel non-international armed conflicts (NIACs) against respectively splinter groups of RENAMO and the so-called group Al-Shabab.

Colombia has experienced one of the longest non-international armed conflicts (NIACs) in modern times. Notably, the Government of Colombia is still involved in parallel NIACs against the Ejército de Liberación Nacional (National Liberation Army) (ELN) and the FARC-EP dissident group (Bloque Oriental (Eastern Bloc)). Furthermore, there is an ongoing NIAC between ELN and the Gaitanista Self-Defense Forces of Colombia (AGC).

The United States is involved in the non-international armed conflicts against the Islamic State group by undertaking airstrikes in Iraq and Syria. Due to the lack of consent of the Syrian government, the United States is also involved in the international armed conflict in Syria. Finally, the United States is also undertaking strikes against Islamist militants in Somalia, Pakistan, Libya and Yemen.

Canada is involved in the non-international armed conflict against the Islamic State group by providing military support to the coalition airstrikes in Iraq.

Russia is involved in the non-international armed conflicts in Syria, an international armed conflict with Ukraine and a series of military occupations, namely the occupation of Crimea, the occupations of South Ossetia and Abkhazia in Georgia, and the occupation of the Transdniestria in Moldova.

In 2020, India and China have been involved in an international armed conflict over the control of two main regions, namely Aksai Chin and Arunachal Pradesh, and a number of smaller regions along the Sino-Indian border.

The Government of the Philippines is involved in multiple non-international armed conflicts (NIACs) in Mindanao against at least the Moro National Liberation Front, the Moro Islamic Liberation Front, the Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters, the Maute Group and the Abu Sayyaf Group. The Philippines armed forces are also engaged in a NIAC against the New People’s Army.

Australia is involved in the non-international armed conflicts against the Islamic State group by undertaking airstrikes in Iraq and Syria as part of the international coalition led by the United States. It is also involved in the international armed conflict in Syria.

Myanmar is involved in a series of non-international armed conflict on its territory against a number of Ethnic Armed Organizations (EAOs).

India is involved in a non-international armed conflict on its territory with the Naxalites. The tensions with Pakistan over the status of Kashmir regularly cause armed clashes leading to an international armed conflict. Furthermore, clashes between India and China amounted to an international armed conflict in 2020.

Afghanistan has been affected conflicts for decades. Supported by the United States, the Afghan National Security Forces (ANSF) had fought against the Taliban and the Khorasan province branch of the Islamic State group (IS-KP). In August 2021, following the withdrawal of US troops from Afghanistan, the Taliban have rapidly taken control of most of the country, Kabul included, and became the de facto government of Afghanistan. Accordingly, currently in the country there is one single NIAC opposing the Taliban government and the IS-KP.

The United Arab Emirates is involved in the non-international armed conflict against the Islamic State group by undertaking airstrikes in Syria as part of the international coalition led by the United States. It is also involved in the international armed conflict in Syria. The United Arab Emirates are also involved in the non-international armed conflicts in Yemen.

Bahrain is a member of the Saudi-led coalition that intervenes on the side of the Yemeni government in the non-international armed conflict against the Houthis.

Saudi Arabia is involved in the non-international armed conflict against the Islamic State group as part of the international coalition led by the United States. It is also involved in the international armed conflict in Syria. Leading the international coalition against Houthi rebels in support of the Yemeni government, Saudi Arabia is also involved in the non-international armed conflicts in Yemen.

Yemen is currently involved in non-international armed conflicts with Houthi rebels and al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula on its territory.

Kuwait is a member of the Saudi-led coalition that intervenes on the side of the Yemeni government in the non-international armed conflict against the Houthis.

Iraq is involved in a non-international armed conflict against against the Islamic State group in its own territory since January 2014. Iraq is also involved in an international armed conflict with Turkey due to the latter’s use of force against Kurdish militants in northern Iraq without the consent of Iraq.

Jordan is involved in the non-international armed conflicts against the Islamic State group by undertaking airstrikes in Iraq and Syria as part of the international coalition led by the United States. It is also involved in the international armed conflict in Syria and the non-international armed conflicts in Yemen.

The territory of the state of Palestine continues to be occupied by Israel.

Israel is occupying the Golan Heights, Shebaa Farms and the Palestinian territories. In addition, the non-international armed conflicts in Syria have spilled over into the Golan Heights, leading to a series of short-lived international armed conflicts.

Part of Lebanese territory, the Shebaa Farms, is occupied by Israel. In addition, the non-international armed conflicts in Syria have spilled over into Lebanese territory.

Syria is currently engaged in a series of armed conflicts. First, the Syrian government is engaged in several non-international armed conflicts against a wide array of rebel groups. Second, there is arguably an international armed conflict between Syria and members of the US-led international coalition and Turkey. There is arguably a military occupation of parts of northern Syria by Turkey. Finally, part of Syrian territory, the Golan Heights, is occupied by Israel.

Egypt is involved in a non-international armed conflict against Wilayat Sinai, an armed non-State actor that has pledged loyalty to the Islamic State group. Furthermore, it is involved in the non-international armed conflicts in Yemen as part of the Saudi-led coalition and is involved in the non-international armed conflict on its territory.

Since 1974, Turkey has occupied the northern part of Cyprus.

Armenia occupies part of Azerbaijan’s territory, the Nagorno-Karabakh region.

Part of Azerbaijani territory, the Nagorno-Karabakh region, is occupied by Armenia.

Since 2008, the Georgian territories of Abkhazia and South Ossetia have been occupied by Russia.

Parts of Ukrainian territory, the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol, are occupied by Russia. Since spring 2014, Ukraine has been involved in non-international armed conflicts on its territory against the self-proclaimed ‘People’s Republics’ of Donetsk and Luhansk’.

Turkey is involved in a non-international armed conflict on its territory against the Kurdistan Worker’s Party. The conflict extends into Iraq, hence Turkey is also involved in the non-international armed conflicts in Iraq and an international armed conflict with Iraq. Turkey is also a party to the non-international and international armed conflicts in Syria and occupies part of northern Syria.

Part of Moldovan territory is occupied by Russia. The Russian occupation extends over a strip of land on the east bank of Moldova’s Dniester River, known as Transdniestria.

Germany is involved in the non-international armed conflict against the Islamic State group by providing military support to the coalition airstrikes in Iraq.

The Netherlands is involved in the non-international armed conflicts against the Islamic State group in Iraq and Syria by undertaking airstrikes as part of the international coalition led by the United States. The Netherlands is also involved in the international armed conflict in Syria.

Belgium is involved in the non-international armed conflicts against the Islamic State group by undertaking airstrikes in Iraq and Syria as part of the international coalition led by the United States. It is also involved in the international armed conflict in Syria.

France

France is involved in the non-international armed conflicts against the Islamic State group by undertaking airstrikes in Iraq and Syria as part of the international coalition led by the United States. It is also involved in the international armed conflict in Syria.

The United Kingdom is involved in the non-international armed conflicts against the Islamic State group by undertaking airstrikes in Iraq and Syria as part of the international coalition led by the United States. It is also involved in the international armed conflict in Syria.

Morocco is involved in the non-international armed conflicts in Yemen as part of the coalition led by Saudi Arabia. Morocco is also occupying Western Sahara.

Since 2014, Libya has been involved in non-international armed conflicts against a wide array of rebel groups on its territory.

The Senegalese armed forces are involved in a decades-old non-international armed conflict with the Mouvement des Forces Démocratiques de la Casamance (MFDC) principally the MFDC-Front Sud and some splinter factions.

Nigeria is involved in two parallel non-international armed conflicts against the non-state armed groups Boko Haram and the Islamic State in West Africa Province (ISWAP).

Cameroon is engaging in a non-international armed conflict (NIAC) against Boko Haram in the Far North. In the Northwest and Southwest regions, a number of Anglophone separatist groups are fighting against the government for the independence of the region. Nevertheless, the violence does not amount to a NIAC.

Central African Republic is involved in a series of non-international armed conflicts on its territory against several armed groups.

Sudan is involved in non-international armed conflicts on its territory. As a member of the Saudi-led coalition that supports the Yemen government, Sudan is also a party to the non-international armed conflicts in Yemen.

Ethiopia continues to occupy part of Eritrean territory. In addition, Ethiopia is involved in the non-international armed conflict against al-Shabaab in Somalia.

Somalia is involved in the non-international armed conflict on its territory against Islamist insurgent groups, most prominently al-Shabaab.

Since December 2013, South Sudan is involved in non-international armed conflicts on its territory against South Sudan dissident armed forces.

Kenya is involved in the non-international armed conflict against al-Shabaab in Somalia

Mozambique is party to parallel non-international armed conflicts (NIACs) against respectively splinter groups of RENAMO and the so-called group Al-Shabab.

Colombia has experienced one of the longest non-international armed conflicts (NIACs) in modern times. Notably, the Government of Colombia is still involved in parallel NIACs against the Ejército de Liberación Nacional (National Liberation Army) (ELN) and the FARC-EP dissident group (Bloque Oriental (Eastern Bloc)). Furthermore, there is an ongoing NIAC between ELN and the Gaitanista Self-Defense Forces of Colombia (AGC).

The United States is involved in the non-international armed conflicts against the Islamic State group by undertaking airstrikes in Iraq and Syria. Due to the lack of consent of the Syrian government, the United States is also involved in the international armed conflict in Syria. Finally, the United States is also undertaking strikes against Islamist militants in Somalia, Pakistan, Libya and Yemen.

Canada is involved in the non-international armed conflict against the Islamic State group by providing military support to the coalition airstrikes in Iraq.